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Intro: New Mexico Gun Laws
New Mexico state lawmakers have enacted several statutes and regulations that address how firearms are sold, transferred, carried (openly or concealed), and stored. Some of these statutes set forth waiting periods, background check requirements, and special rules intended to protect vulnerable populations (such as minors and individuals at high risk of harm to themselves or others). Others deal explicitly with who qualifies for a concealed handgun license, and what kind of firearms training is required.
The following sections provide a thorough survey of New Mexico’s gun laws, discussing both statutory law and administrative regulations. This post cites each relevant law or code so that readers can easily reference the rules in question. The objective is to offer a detailed, organized perspective on New Mexico gun laws, helping you understand the legal framework at every level.
We aim to be comprehensive, but keep in mind this article is for informational purposes and does not constitute legal advice. For guidance tailored to your specific situation, consult an attorney licensed in New Mexico.
Part I: Foundational Statutes and Definitions
A. Criminal Code Overview: N.M. Stat. Ann. §§ 30-1-12, 30-7-2, 30-7-7.3, 30-7-4.1
In New Mexico, many firearm-related rules reside in Chapter 30 of the New Mexico Statutes Annotated (NMSA), often referred to as the Criminal Code. Several provisions lay the foundation for how the state treats firearm possession and misuse, including key definitions that apply throughout the code.
1. 30-1-12. Definitions
Under N.M. Stat. Ann. § 30-1-12, the state defines pivotal terms such as “deadly weapon,” “peace officer,” and “person.” A deadly weapon in New Mexico explicitly includes any firearm (loaded or unloaded) capable of causing death or great bodily harm. This expansive definition underscores that firearms are always considered deadly weapons under state law, even when not loaded.
2. 30-7-2. Unlawful Carrying of a Deadly Weapon
30-7-2 makes it a petty misdemeanor to carry a concealed, loaded firearm unless certain conditions or exceptions are met (e.g., carrying in one’s residence or private automobile, or having a valid concealed handgun license).
Unlawful carrying does not bar individuals from openly carrying (or unconcealed) loaded weapons; indeed, open carry without a permit is generally allowed across New Mexico. Additionally, carrying an unloaded firearm concealed is not prohibited.
- Exceptions include carrying within one’s private property or automobile, or if one possesses a concealed handgun license as authorized by other statutory provisions (primarily the Concealed Handgun Carry Act, discussed in detail later).
3. 30-7-7.3. Unlawful Sale of a Firearm Before Required Waiting Period Ends
Passed as part of broader public safety measures, N.M. Stat. Ann. § 30-7-7.3 imposes a seven-calendar-day waiting period on firearm sales and transfers. This waiting period dovetails with the time needed to complete a federal instant background check.
If the background check has not been finalized after twenty days, the seller is legally permitted to proceed with the transfer. The statute defines “firearm” and “immediate family member,” and it outlines several exceptions to the waiting period:
- Sales to federal firearms license (FFL) holders.
- Transfers to concealed handgun license holders.
- Transfers to law enforcement agencies or officers.
- Transfers to immediate family members, as defined in the statute.
4. 30-7-4.1. Negligently Making a Firearm Accessible to a Minor
30-7-4.1 focuses on preventing child access to firearms. It criminalizes the negligent storage or placement of firearms if a minor obtains the weapon and causes great bodily harm or death.
“Negligence” here means failing to take reasonable precautions, such as using a locked container or firearm safety device. The statute clarifies that it does not penalize lawful self-defense usage by a minor under certain circumstances, nor does it apply if the firearm was securely stored or was carried on a person in a manner that a minor should not have been able to access.
Part II: Concealed Carry Framework
New Mexico has a unique stance that merges relatively permissive open-carry policies with a licensing regime for those who wish to carry concealed handguns. The main statutory scheme for concealed carry is found in Chapter 29, Article 19 of the NMSA, commonly referred to as the Concealed Handgun Carry Act.
A. 29-19-4. Applicant Qualifications
Concealed Handgun Carry Act
29-19-4 sets the stage for who can obtain a concealed handgun license. Generally, applicants must:
- Be at least 21 years of age.
- Prove residency in New Mexico.
- Pass a background check that shows no prohibitive criminal history.
- Demonstrate mental competency and not have been adjudicated mentally incompetent or committed to a mental institution.
- Avoid disqualifying misdemeanor convictions or restraining/protective orders within a specified timeframe before application.
The statute also states that approved firearms training instructors—individuals certified to teach concealed handgun license applicants—are exempt from completing the official firearms training course themselves (they presumably already have demonstrated adequate proficiency).
Failure to meet these qualifications or providing false information during the application process will typically result in license denial or revocation.
B. Administrative Regulations Governing Concealed Handgun Licenses
Aside from the primary statute, the New Mexico Administrative Code (NMAC) contains regulations that govern training requirements, permissible calibers, and the day-to-day conditions for carrying a concealed firearm.
- 10.8.2.15 NMAC: Firearms Training for Applicants and Licensees
Under § 10.8.2.15 NMAC, concealed handgun license applicants must complete a state-approved training course. The curriculum includes both classroom instruction and a live-fire component. Applicants must demonstrate safe firearm handling, marksmanship fundamentals, and knowledge of legal aspects of deadly force. Approved instructors, responsible for administering these courses, must confirm the applicant’s competency by issuing a certificate of completion if the applicant passes. - 10.8.2.16 NMAC: Terms and Conditions of License
§ 10.8.2.16 NMAC sets forth the do’s and don’ts once a person obtains a concealed handgun license. Notably, it forbids:- Carrying a handgun of a higher caliber or an entirely different category than what is listed on the individual’s license.
- Consuming alcohol while carrying a concealed weapon or carrying while impaired.
- Carrying on private property that has posted prohibitions or where the owner or occupant has verbally informed the licensee that firearms are prohibited.
Part III: Other Administrative Regulations and Training Requirements
New Mexico law devotes significant attention to training standards, reflecting an intent to ensure that those who carry firearms—law enforcement personnel, private security, or citizens with concealed-carry permits—are proficient and understand their legal responsibilities.
- 16.48.4.8 NMAC: Mandatory Firearms Training
§ 16.48.4.8 NMAC pertains to specific registrants, such as private security guards or armed security personnel, who must demonstrate proficiency in firearm handling. Requirements include safely operating a firearm, performing corrective actions for malfunctions, and hitting certain passing scores on qualification courses. Different standards exist for handguns and shotguns, indicating that specialized training is essential for each firearm type. - 10.29.9.14 NMAC: Entry-Level and Requalification Firearms Training for Non-Certified Officers
§ 10.29.9.14 NMAC sets minimum training hours for non-certified law enforcement officers—16 hours of handgun training and eight hours of rifle or shotgun instruction. The curriculum covers safe handling, legal considerations, use-of-force guidelines, firearms maintenance, and a live-fire segment. Upon completion, the candidate undergoes a practical exam, typically involving marksmanship assessments and scenario-based testing. This regulation aims to ensure uniform standards across the state for agencies employing non-certified officers. By delineating the topics and hours required, it mitigates liability risks and raises professionalism in law enforcement. The code also mandates periodic requalification, further emphasizing ongoing training to maintain firearm proficiency.
Part IV: Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Orders
In recent years, many states, including New Mexico, have enacted “red flag” laws or “Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order” (ERFPO) statutes. New Mexico’s version aims to address situations where a person might pose an imminent danger to themselves or others by having access to firearms.
N.M. Stat. Ann. § 40-17-2
Section 40-17-2 of the NMSA defines terms used in the Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order Act. Key definitions include:
- Extreme risk firearm protection order: A court order that temporarily restricts an individual’s ability to possess firearms due to evidence that they pose an immediate threat to themselves or the public.
- Law enforcement officer: Any peace officer or other state or municipal officer with the power to enforce the laws of New Mexico.
- Petitioner: An individual (often a law enforcement officer or possibly a family or household member in some jurisdictions) who files a petition for the ERFPO.
Once issued, these orders can result in the subject having to surrender their firearms and, potentially, being barred from future possession for the duration of the order. In New Mexico, ERFPOs may last for a temporary period or up to one year, depending on the judge’s determination. The goal is to prevent immediate harm by restricting access to firearms when credible evidence suggests the individual is at high risk of dangerous behavior.
Part V: Practical Implications of the Law
A. The Balance of Rights and Public Safety
New Mexico’s approach to gun laws is often characterized as a balancing act. On one hand, the state constitution (Article II, Section 6) robustly protects the right to keep and bear arms, emphasizing that no municipality or county can restrict incidents of that right except as allowed by state law. On the other hand, statutes like 30-7-7.3 and 30-7-4.1 exemplify legislative efforts to promote public safety, whether by imposing waiting periods or penalizing negligent storage that endangers minors.
Concealed-carry permit holders are subject to rigorous background checks and training requirements. This approach upholds lawful ownership and acknowledges the popular custom of openly carrying firearms, while still ensuring that concealed carry is undertaken by responsible, sufficiently trained individuals.
B. Common Misconceptions
- Open Carry vs. Concealed Carry:
Many people assume that all forms of carrying a firearm require a permit. In New Mexico, open carry of a loaded firearm in public is allowed without a license or permit, unless otherwise prohibited by local rules on discharge or restricted areas. Concealed carry, however, generally demands licensure. - Waiting Periods:
The new waiting period established by 30-7-7.3 has occasionally led to confusion. Some believe it is a universal waiting period for any firearm transaction. In truth, there are specific exceptions—such as for sales to immediate family or to those who already hold a concealed handgun license. - Storage Laws and Minors:
The requirement in 30-7-4.1 does not mandate that every firearm be locked away 24/7. The standard is whether the firearm was “negligently made accessible” to a minor. If a child obtains the firearm and causes injury or death, legal liability might arise if the adult owner did not take proper precautions. - Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Orders (ERFPO):
Under 40-17-2, some believe an ERFPO can be obtained by anyone for any reason. The law restricts petitioners to certain classes of individuals (in many cases law enforcement officers in New Mexico), and a judge must find adequate cause (including probable cause or a preponderance of the evidence standard) that the subject is a risk. It is not a trivial process, though critics argue it can still be misused or underutilized.
Part VI: Detailed Discussion of Key Statutes and Codes
The following sections expand on each cited statute and administrative code in a more detailed manner, weaving in practical scenarios to clarify their application. Each of these provisions collectively shapes the legal environment for firearms in New Mexico.
A. 30-7-7.3: Unlawful Sale of a Firearm Before Required Waiting Period Ends
This statute was introduced to curb impulsive firearm purchases that might lead to violent acts. The seven-day period allows law enforcement more time to flag potential disqualifications if the FBI’s National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) is delayed. Here are notable elements:
- Seven-Calendar-Day Waiting Period: It begins at the time the buyer and seller initiate the transaction.
- Twenty-Day Contingency: If NICS does not provide a definitive proceed or deny response by day twenty, the seller can lawfully proceed with the transfer.
- Exceptions: Concealed handgun license holders, FFLs, law enforcement purchases, and immediate family transfers are exempt.
- Enforcement: Selling a firearm before completion of the waiting period can result in criminal penalties, and ignorance of the law is no defense.
In practice, some sellers or FFLs may require all buyers—even those exempt from the waiting period—to undergo some administrative checks. Doing so helps ensure clarity and avoid any potential compliance pitfalls.
B. 30-7-4.1: Negligently Making a Firearm Accessible to a Minor
Under this law, if an adult leaves a firearm on the living room table where a child can easily take it and the child injures themselves or someone else, the adult could be prosecuted. The statute creates both a deterrent and an incentive for safe storage.
Defenses and exculpatory situations:
- Secure Storage: If the firearm was locked in a safe or fitted with a safety device preventing discharge, and the minor circumvented those measures, this generally absolves the adult from liability.
- On-Person Carry: If the gun was properly holstered on the adult’s person, the minor presumably should not have had ready access, eliminating the adult’s negligence.
- Self-Defense or Necessity: If a minor used the firearm to stop a home intruder in a legitimate self-defense scenario, the adult’s liability would likely be negated under the statute’s exceptions.
Penalties can be severe when great bodily harm or death occurs, illustrating the seriousness with which the state treats child firearm safety.
C. 30-7-2: Unlawful Carrying of a Deadly Weapon
This law clarifies the conditions under which carrying a concealed loaded firearm constitutes a petty misdemeanor. If a person is not inside their residence or vehicle and does not have a concealed carry license, carrying the firearm out of plain view violates 30-7-2. However:
- Unloaded Concealed Firearms: Not prohibited. If no ammunition is readily accessible, or if the magazine is stowed separately from the firearm, the firearm is considered unloaded.
- Open Carry: Allowed for loaded firearms under the New Mexico Constitution, thereby exempt from 30-7-2.
- Vehicle Carry: Lawful in many instances; one’s car is an extension of the home, though local rules or signage may place constraints on where you can park with a loaded weapon.
Although a petty misdemeanor may sound minor, convictions can carry up to six months in jail or a fine of up to $500, so it is crucial to abide by the law’s constraints.
D. 29-19-4: Applicant Qualifications for Concealed Carry
Individuals looking to carry a concealed handgun in public must apply for a license. The application is extensive, requiring:
- Evidence of Age (21+) and U.S. Citizenship or Lawful Residency: Typically a New Mexico driver’s license and birth certificate or passport.
- Clean or Acceptable Criminal Record: Felony convictions or certain misdemeanors (like domestic violence) can disqualify a person.
- Mental Health Checks: Must not have recent mental health commitments or findings of mental incompetence.
- Completion of a Firearms Training Course: Instructors sign off that the applicant meets all live-fire and classroom requirements.
Licenses, once granted, may list specific calibers or categories. The holder is responsible for staying within those bounds, per 10.8.2.16 NMAC.
E. N.M. Stat. Ann. § 40-17-2: Definitions Under Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order Act
This part of the code lays the groundwork for “red flag” proceedings. Many New Mexicans remain unfamiliar with the details:
- Petitioner: Usually law enforcement in New Mexico, though some jurisdictions allow certain family members to initiate.
- Temporary vs. One-Year Orders: An ex parte or temporary order might be granted if a judge sees an immediate threat, then a subsequent hearing can extend it to one year.
- Relief: If the subject can show they are no longer a risk, they can petition to have the order lifted.
These orders have sparked debate over due process, mental health evaluations, and the interplay between personal rights and community safety.
Part VII: Firearms Training Regimens in Detail
Firearms training is viewed as crucial in New Mexico for ensuring that individuals—be they private citizens, armed security, or law enforcement—understand both how to use firearms safely and the grave responsibilities attached to them.
A. The Concealed Handgun License Training (10.8.2.15 & 10.8.2.16 NMAC)
Applicants must complete at least 15 hours in a classroom/range format, though some instructors may exceed this. Topics commonly covered:
- Legal Constraints on Deadly Force: Instruction on what constitutes lawful self-defense, when lethal force is justified, and the potential criminal and civil liability.
- Safe Handling: Checking whether a firearm is loaded, safe holstering techniques, malfunction clearing, etc.
- Proficiency Drills: Live-fire exercises typically require hitting a target from various distances under certain time constraints.
- Alcohol and Substance Restrictions: Reinforcement that carrying while under the influence is strictly prohibited under both NMAC rules and state statutes.
- Concealed Carry Etiquette: Best practices for interacting with law enforcement, respecting property owners’ rights, and abiding by posted signs that prohibit weapons.
Once completed, the applicant’s training certificate is part of the license application process, ensuring that only those who have demonstrated necessary competence receive concealed-carry privileges.
B. Private Security and Armed Guards (16.48.4.8 NMAC)
Private security companies, especially those deploying armed personnel, must ensure their employees meet the standards in § 16.48.4.8 NMAC. Specific tasks often include:
- Firearm Disassembly and Maintenance: Proficiency in cleaning, inspection, diagnosing malfunctions.
- Scenario Training: Engaging a target under simulated real-world conditions, such as low light or time-limited stress drills.
- Minimum Passing Score: Varies, but typically around 80% for standard qualification courses. Shotgun or rifle qualification may also be mandatory if guards are assigned to certain posts.
C. Non-Certified Officers (10.29.9.14 NMAC)
For law enforcement agencies, hiring non-certified officers might require the new hires to go through a recognized academy or meet the entry-level requalification standards of § 10.29.9.14 NMAC. This includes:
- 16 Hours of Handgun: Safe storage and maintenance, marksmanship, legal instructions, and live-fire.
- 8 Hours of Rifle/Shotgun: Typically focusing on scenarios involving critical incidents.
- Ongoing Requalification: Failure to periodically requalify could result in losing the privilege to carry a department-issued firearm.
New Mexico’s emphasis on standardized training aims to reduce liability issues for law enforcement agencies while enhancing public confidence in the officers’ competence.
Part VIII: Historical and Cultural Context
The traditions of open carry and relatively permissive firearm ownership in New Mexico trace back to the state’s frontier history. Ranchers, farmers, and rural dwellers often found firearms essential for protection, pest control, and hunting. The state constitution strongly safeguards the right to bear arms, indicating a deep-rooted cultural acceptance of firearms for lawful purposes.
Nonetheless, as population centers like Albuquerque and Santa Fe have grown, and as incidents of gun violence draw national attention, legislative initiatives have emerged. These reflect a shift, especially in more urban areas, where there is growing support for measures such as red flag laws, waiting periods, and more robust background checks.
Part IX: Frequently Asked Questions
1. Do I need a permit to openly carry a handgun in New Mexico?
No. Under the state constitution and 30-7-2 NMSA, open carry of a loaded firearm is generally lawful without a permit. However, keep in mind that private businesses or properties may prohibit weapons on their premises.
2. What if I want to conceal my firearm in public?
You will need a concealed handgun license (CHL), as provided by 29-19-4 NMSA and the administrative regulations in 10.8.2.15 NMAC and 10.8.2.16 NMAC.
3. What happens if a minor accidentally gains access to my firearm?
You may face criminal charges under 30-7-4.1 NMSA if you negligently made the firearm accessible and it leads to great bodily harm or death. The safest course of action is to store your firearm securely, in a locked container or using a firearm safety device, thereby preventing unauthorized access.
4. Does New Mexico have a universal waiting period for all gun sales?
Under 30-7-7.3 NMSA, there is a seven-calendar-day waiting period for firearm sales. However, if the buyer is a concealed handgun license holder, an immediate family member of the seller, a law enforcement officer, or an FFL, the waiting period may not apply.
5. What if I believe someone close to me is a danger to themselves or others?
New Mexico’s Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order Act (§ 40-17-2 NMSA) allows law enforcement to petition a judge for a temporary order that requires the individual to surrender any firearms in their possession.
Part X: Enforcement and Penalties
A. Criminal Penalties
New Mexico categorizes firearm-related crimes in several ways. Misdemeanor and petty misdemeanor offenses might result in small fines and short jail sentences (e.g., up to six months or less). Felony offenses—such as illegal possession by a felon, use of a firearm in a drug trafficking offense, or brandishing a firearm during a violent crime—carry far stiffer consequences, potentially including multi-year prison sentences.
- Petty Misdemeanors: May apply to first-time, low-level firearm violations like carrying a concealed, loaded firearm without a license under 30-7-2 NMSA.
- Higher-Level Crimes: Repeated offenses, or misconduct involving minors (per 30-7-4.1 NMSA), or criminal activities involving firearms can be charged more severely.
B. Civil Liability
Beyond criminal penalties, New Mexicans who improperly store or misuse firearms might face civil lawsuits if someone is injured or property is damaged. Negligence theories apply if an individual fails to take “reasonable care” in handling or storing a weapon. This risk of civil liability underscores why so many statutes (e.g., 30-7-4.1) emphasize safe storage measures and caution around minors.
Part XI: Interaction with Federal Law
While this post focuses on state statutes and regulations, remember that federal laws also apply, including:
- National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS): Enforced at the federal level, overseen by the FBI.
- Gun Control Act of 1968: Restricts interstate firearm commerce, requires licensure for dealers, and bars certain classes of persons (like felons) from possession.
- Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act: Encompasses federal waiting periods (though mostly replaced by the instant check system) and background check mandates.
New Mexico’s waiting period rules and background checks supplement, rather than replace, these federal mandates.
Part XII: Emerging Trends and Future Legislative Possibilities
Legislators and advocacy groups continue to debate whether further restrictions or expansions are needed. Recent legislative trends include:
- Expanded Waiting Periods: Some lawmakers propose lengthening the waiting period beyond seven days, especially for certain high-powered rifles or for multiple firearm purchases in a short span.
- Stricter Safe Storage Requirements: There may be future bills that broaden the definition of negligent storage, impose mandatory lock usage, or enact stiffer penalties for non-compliance.
- Red Flag Law Revisions: The state might consider expansions to who can petition for an Extreme Risk Firearm Protection Order, or further define the burden of proof and due process protections.
- Constitutional Carry: On the other side, some lawmakers advocate for “permitless concealed carry,” paralleling open carry traditions. This would effectively remove the licensing requirement for carrying a concealed loaded firearm in public.
Whether these proposals gain traction depends on political negotiations and public opinion. New Mexico’s historically pro-firearm culture intersects with rising urban populations that favor more safety regulations, making the legislative environment dynamic and often unpredictable.
Part XIII: Practical Recommendations for Firearm Owners
- Familiarize Yourself with Statutes: At a minimum, read the full text of 30-7-7.3 (waiting periods), 30-7-4.1 (minor access), and 29-19-4 (concealed carry). This foundational knowledge helps avoid unintentional violations.
- Seek Training Beyond Minimum Requirements: Even though the state sets a baseline for concealed-carry education, additional courses in advanced defensive tactics, crisis avoidance, and safe storage can be invaluable.
- Lock Your Firearms: If minors are in the home, or if you frequently host visitors, consider investing in safes or trigger locks. The cost of a safe is minimal compared to the potential legal and moral consequences of a preventable accident.
- Understand Private Property Rights: Always check for posted signs or inquire if firearms are allowed before entering another person’s property. Under 10.8.2.16 NMAC, you must comply if they prohibit firearms.
- Monitor Legislative Changes: State laws evolve, so check official government websites or consult legal professionals periodically to stay updated on new or amended provisions.
Part XIV: Comprehensive Citations
Below is a consolidated list of the main legal sources cited throughout this blog post:
- 30-7-7.3. Unlawful sale of a firearm before required waiting period ends.
N.M. Stat. Ann. § 30-7-7.3 - 30-7-4.1. Negligently making a firearm accessible to a minor; negligently making a firearm accessible to a minor resulting in great bodily harm or death; penalties.
N.M. Stat. Ann. § 30-7-4.1 - 30-7-2. Unlawful carrying of a deadly weapon.
N.M. Stat. Ann. § 30-7-2 - 29-19-4. Applicant qualifications.
N.M. Stat. Ann. § 29-19-4 - 30-1-12. Definitions.
N.M. Stat. Ann. § 30-1-12 - N.M. Stat. Ann. § 40-17-2
N.M. Stat. Ann. § 40-17-2 - 10.8.2.15 NMAC: Firearms Training for Applicants and Licensees
§ 10.8.2.15 NMAC - 10.8.2.16 NMAC: Terms and Conditions of License
§ 10.8.2.16 NMAC - 16.48.4.8 NMAC: Mandatory Firearms Training
§ 16.48.4.8 NMAC - 10.29.9.14 NMAC: Entry Level and Requalification Firearms Training
§ 10.29.9.14 NMAC
Additional References (as previously compiled in legislative reports, news articles, or public forums) may be found in resources like the New Mexico Courts’ official site, the Department of Public Safety guidance on the 7-day waiting period, and the universal background check statutes. Advocacy organizations such as Moms Demand Action or the NRA-ILA have published interpretive articles, though official state websites remain the most authoritative source for verifying current law.
Part XV: New Mexico Gun Laws Concluion
For gun owners and prospective buyers in New Mexico, knowledge is key. Understanding the interplay between statutes like 30-7-2 (unlawful carrying) and rules like 10.8.2.16 NMAC (terms for concealed carry) can help you lawfully exercise your right to bear arms while avoiding criminal liability. Safe storage practices, particularly given the serious penalties in 30-7-4.1, are critical if minors are in or around the home. And if you suspect someone poses a grave risk, the red flag procedures in 40-17-2 might be a tool to prevent tragedy.
Above all, staying informed about legislative updates remains key. The legal landscape can shift quickly, especially with public debate over waiting periods, magazine capacity, or other proposals often coming before the state legislature. Should you have detailed or urgent questions about your situation, consult an attorney with expertise in New Mexico gun laws.
Ask Law Easy thanks you for reading this thorough exploration of New Mexico gun laws. Our mission is to make legal topics simple, accessible, and accurate for everyone.
Disclaimer: This publication is intended for informational purposes only and does not provide legal advice. No attorney-client relationship is formed by reading this article. For specific concerns or legal guidance, contact a qualified attorney licensed in the State of New Mexico.
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